IT System for Louvre Hotels

Louver Hotels has encountered colossal development in the course of recent years. This development force has been initiated by various acquisitions just as inner extension program (Louver, par.2). The inn network has been extending its worldwide system close by reinforcing its image (Louver par.2). So as to achieve the previously mentioned objectives, it is important to grasp present day pace of innovation that will adequately smooth out tasks of the whole lodging chain.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on IT System for Louver Hotels explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fundamental test that any developing business is probably going to experience during quick globalization situating is wasteful and ineffectual mechanical frameworks set up (Sigala, Lockwood Jones 364). As tasks level increment, the current innovative frameworks are regularly rendered out of date. This may antagonistically influence an association through loss of money related c ontrols and decreased staff efficiency (Louver standard. 3). Louver lodgings intensely depend on earlier reservations and appointments as a feature of the activity to improve its quality in the serious business condition. In this way, it is principal that a focal reservations framework be set up to deal with all appointments in a productive way (Sigala, Lockwood Jones 365). Obviously, embracing an extensive innovative stage is evidently the most ideal approach for Louver inns. From the contextual analysis, it is apparent that the current interior reservation framework in Louver inns is getting wasteful as tasks are being extended. A wasteful framework usurps the capability of a company’s labor. Subsequently, an incorporated IT framework for Louver inns is fundamental. In that capacity, IT representatives will be accused of the obligation of dealing with the interface between reservations, client database and property the board frameworks (Louver par.3). These interfaces can c onceivably thwart convenient reaction to questions since most go unnoticed because of framework over-burden. What's more, such a framework can prompt monetary misfortunes since it is amazingly hard to play out an on-the-spot review. Accordingly, it will ruin the truly necessary lead execution investigation (Sigala, Lockwood Jones 366). So as to comprehend the above test, it would be reasonable for the administration at Louver lodgings to structure and build up a creative, thorough and practical Information Technology (IT) framework. For example, a coordinated focal information framework that will oblige assorted information from existing frameworks is required. The coordinated information framework will improve security of the put away information since giving IT framework security to a solitary database is financially savvy contrasted with numerous databases (Sigala, Lockwood Jones 364). Incorporated and brought together information base frameworks have been attached to different a dvantages that emerge from its adjustment. The capacity to gather different offices to work on a similar stage is the chief advantage appended to an incorporated framework since it facilitates regulatory difficulties (Sigala, Lockwood Jones 364).Advertising Looking for appraisal on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The framework can likewise be moved up to make a basic and proficient check in/framework for the hotel’s visitors. As expressed above, inn business is exceptionally reliant on earlier reservations. In this manner, such a framework would increment internet booking, make productive registration and registration framework to the advantageous of the two customers and the lodging the executives. What's more, the framework can be changed to permit clients to prepay from remote spots by means of the focal coordinated framework. To recap everything, it is fundamental to take note of that executing such a framework requires a redesign of the current one by bit by bit overhauling from the old frameworks to a focal and incorporated framework (Sigala, Lockwood Jones, 367). Unquestionably, a great deal of assets may be included to completely update old frameworks. In any case, for little lodgings, it very well may be done slowly to spread expenses over extensive stretch of time. As of now referenced redesign framework overhaul is exorbitant and sets aside a long effort to achieve. Notwithstanding, Louver lodgings can begin with straightforward components like building up a motor that will empower appointments by means of the web. The site ought to be tried day by day to guarantee any approaching test is settled in time. Notwithstanding increment in reservations advanced by improvement of web empowered booking motor, site advancement can be use to advance the lodging and increment deals attributable to expanded worldwide nearness (Sigala, Lockwood Jones, 367). Works Cited Louver lodgings. Contextual analysis: Louver Hotels Streamlines IT Operations with MICROS Centralized Enterprise Solution. Jun.2007. 12 Jul. 2011. Web. Sigala Marianna, Lockwood Andrew Jones, Peter.†Strategic execution and IT: increasing upper hand from the lodging reservations process†, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 13.7 (2001): 364 †367. This appraisal on IT System for Louver Hotels was composed and put together by client George Madden to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

5 Things You Didnt Know About Using Et Al.

5 Things You Didnt Know About Using Et Al. 5 Things You Didnt Know About Using Et Al. The expression et al. is an essential piece of many referencing frameworks, yet it is likewise regularly abused in scholarly records. Peruse on to discover more! 1. What Does Et Al. Mean? The expression et al. is Latin for et alia, which means and others. It is in this manner utilized in some referencing frameworks when there are such a large number of creators to name in a solitary reference. 2. When Should I Use Et Al.? This relies upon the referencing framework utilized by your school, so make sure to check your style direct! In many frameworks, be that as it may, it shouldâ only ever be utilized when you are refering to a source with multiple creators. The specific number of creators required before you should utilize et al. fluctuates between referencing frameworks. What's more, a few frameworks just utilize this term for rehash references of sources with a few creators (with all creators named in the main reference). 3. Would it be a good idea for me to Use It in the Bibliography? Not as a rule. As over, this may rely upon the referencing framework youre utilizing, however ordinarily the main spot to utilize et al. is in the principle content of your archive. This is on the grounds that most referencing frameworks indicate naming each creator in the book reference or reference list. A few frameworks make a special case to this standard if the work you are refering to has more than six or seven creators. APA referencing, for example, indicates posting the initial six names for sources with in excess of seven creators, trailed by an ellipsis and the last named creator. For a diary article with ten named writers, at that point, APA would require naming the principal 6th and the tenth in your reference list. You need to feel somewhat upset for creators seven through nine. 4. Do I Need the Period After Al.? Indeed! Al. is a shortening of alia and alwaysâ needs a period to show that the word has been abbreviated, similarly that we utilize a full stop for and so on and other Latin expressions. 5. Do I Need to Capitalize the Et? No! It's anything but a formal person, place or thing and would not generally show up toward the beginning of a sentence. Accordingly, it is odd to underwrite it. It tends to be dubious to get little subtleties like this correct completely through your article. All things considered, on the off chance that you need some assistance looking at it, simply connect! We can help with all parts of your work, includingâ proofreading,â formatting and checking the consistency of your references.

The Hobbit, or There and Back Again Review Essay Example

The Hobbit, or There and Back Again Review Paper Paper on The Hobbit, or There and Back Again Im not an aficionado of The Lord of the Rings. Excuse me, all the fanatics of this set of three, the movies have something snared to such a great amount, to peruse more books. Be that as it may, old buddy, perpetually guaranteeing that the book is multiple times better than the film made me guarantee to understand Tolkien. Since lethargy and shrewd consistently went with me connected at the hip, I kept a similar guarantee and read the book of narrator, however not a Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit . And afterward there was an enchantment, in light of the fact that the dream I particularly never intrigued, and the book I loved incredibly, much. This superb English story dove me into the universe of elves, all set anyplace for the fortunes of the winged serpent, which is on this very fortune sits like a hen on her eggs, and, obviously, a daring little hobbit, coercively shot out from their comfortable tunnels and sent an astounding excursion. The kid in me and shouted that additionally needs experience, stunning nations and encounters that will be associated with a lifetime. In the wake of plunging into this book and pulls to break out of the endless loop of minor days, to gather a rucksack and go there, capriciously. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Hobbit, or There and Back Again Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Hobbit, or There and Back Again Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Hobbit, or There and Back Again Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Like any fantasy, this mysterious history shows us not to surrender under any conditions, be bold notwithstanding peril, never to desert his companions in a troublesome circumstance, don't be mean and have the option to share, since insatiability to nothing worth mentioning contentions. Tolkien composed this book for their youngsters and it is felt all the warmth , consideration and care that he put into this work. Creative mind and attracts kid anticipating another section of the undertakings of the little hobbit before sleep time. I affectionately envision how I read this great story for their youngsters, yet for the present look incidentally drops a book of fantasies English journalists and brain sitting tight for new tales about winged serpents, mythical people and dwarves.

ADHD in School-age Children - Free Essay Example

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated to affect 3% to 5% of school-age children, making it considered to be the most common neurobehavioral disorder among this group and with survey and epidemiologically derived data showing that 4 to 5% of college aged students and adults have ADHD (Wilens and Spencer para 3). This could also mean that the same population is at a higher risk of having poor oral hygiene and dietary habits. A strong correlation has been found between poor oral hygiene practices and bad dietary habits in children with ADD/ADHD because ADD/ADHD is associated with the tendency of eating sugary foods and poor impulse control. Therefore, to prevent dental and diet issues from developing in people with ADD/ADHD, it is important to educate them on how to keep their teeth healthy, help them with the impulsive behavior that leads to the consequences in the teeth, and bring awareness as to why kids with ADD/ADHD are more at risk for dental problems. Types and Symptoms of ADHD Firstly, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an illness characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder in young people (NAMI 1). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is generally sorted into three different subtypes: Predominantly Inattentive Type, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, and ADHD Combined Type, which involves both hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms (Griffin, n.d., para 1). Symptoms for the Predominantly Inattentive Type include the need for constant movement, often fidget[ing], squirm[ing], and struggl[ing] to stay seatedact[ing] as if driven by a motor and often talk[ing] and/or run[ning] around excessivelyinterrupt[ing] others, blurt[ing] out answers, and struggl[ing] with self-control. (Williams, n.d., para 2). Symptoms for the Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type include mak[ing] careless mistakes because they have difficulty sustaining attention, following detailed instructions, and organizing tasks and activities[being]forgetful, [being] easily distracted by external stimuli, and often los[ing] things.(Williams, n.d., para 2). People who have the ADHD Combine d Type exhibit six or more symptoms of inattention, and six or more symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity(Williams, n.d., para 2). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) stipulates that all cases of attention deficit are diagnosed as ADHDA child may be diagnosed with ADHD only if he or she exhibits at least six of nine symptomsand if the symptoms have been noticeable for at least six months in two or more settings † for example, at home and at school. Furthermore, the symptoms must interfere with the childs functioning or development, and at least some of the symptoms must have been apparent before age 12. Older teens and adults may need to demonstrate just five of these symptoms in multiple settings.(Williams, n.d., para 1 ) ADD/ADHD has certain effects on the brains of children and on the lives of people. Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) both affect peoples ability to stay focused on things like schoolwork, social interactions, and everyday activities like brushing teeth and getting dressed (Griffin 1). Some kids with ADHD act and speak without thinking because their brains works differently than those of kids who do not have it. The part of the brain that controls impulses develops more slowly than usual. That is why children with ADHD often seem less mature than their peers (Morin, n.d., para 1). ADHD Medication ADHD medication is effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD (also known as ADD) in most kids. However, it can sometimes cause side effects. This is true for both stimulant and non-stimulant medications. (The understood team, n.d, para 1) Side effects like an upset stomach or headaches often disappear after a childs body has a few days to get used to the medication. But other common side effects, like decreased appetite, might not go away after a few days. There may also be a range in how kids experience side effects, from mild to fairly significant. They can occur while the medication is working, or after its worn off. Sometimes side effects go on for longer than a few days. Or kids may find them so uncomfortable that changes need to be made. In that case, the doctor might change the dosage or change from one type of medication to another. (The understood team, n.d, para 1) Oral Health Effects of ADHD Some actions or characteristics that people with ADHD are more prone to can lead to dental problems. For example, decreased attention span could lead to poor oral hygiene which creates a potential for increased caries and periodontal disease. For example impulsive behavior of a person with ADHD can cause them to eat many sugary foods and think of the consequences, then a short attention span can cause forgetting tasks such as brushing their teeth, which then leads to problems in teeth. People with ADHD are also more prone to Bruxism, whi ch is a condition in which you grind, gnash or clench your teeth. If you have bruxism, you may unconsciously clench your teeth when youre awake (awake bruxism) or clench or grind them during sleep (sleep bruxism) (MAYO, n.d, para 1). This can cause the tooth to become worn down or damaged. There are also other potential factors that cause dental issues such as: Higher risk for dental/oral trauma in people with ADHD due to increased rates of automobile accidents because of (inattention, impulsivity) Higher risk of periodontal disease and oral cancer due to higher rates of smoking found in people with ADHD. (University of Washington, n.d., para 2) Diet is another important factor that affects the overall oral health of a person including those who have ADHD. Research found that Theres no evidence to support the idea that eliminating certain foods has a direct impact on ADHD symptoms. But there is a connection between food reactions and kids with ADHD. (Rosen, n.d.,para 9) Research found that Kids with ADHD are more likely to be sensitive or allergic to specific foods (Rosen, n.d.,para 10). Which means when if they eat those foods, their reactions which may cause them to feel tired, itchy, nauseated or anxious and that can make it harder than usual for them to focus or control their emotions. (Rosen, n.d.,para 10). Cutting those foods would help the child feel better physically which could make their ADHD symptoms seem less severe. But its not that eliminating foods actually lessens ADHD symptoms (Rosen, n.d., para 11). Reducing sugar consumption is a general rule that would benefit all children, especially children with ADHD. This is not because sugar causes them to be more hyperactive but because kids with ADHD are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. (Rosen, n.d., para 12). Avoiding sugary foods and sodas can help them stay at a healthy weight and reduce their risk. Its also wise for kids with ADHD to avoid caffeine. It may seem to increase their focus in the short term. But withdrawal from caffeine can make them particularly irritable. (Ros en, n.d., para 13). Reducing sugar in the diet will help a child with ADHD have healthier teeth and could reduce their risk of cavities due to sugary foods. Oral Hygiene in Islam Additionally, good oral hygiene is an important topic in Islam and has been mentioned and practiced by the Prophet Muhammed. Something mentioned often is the siwak, which is a branch from a specific plant that is used to clean and brush teeth. The Prophet was recorded in the hadith as having often used the siwak and urged his Muslim followers to do the same. It was reported in one hadith that Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Were it not for the fact that I did not want to make things too hard for my ummah, I would have commanded them to use the siwaak at every time of prayer. (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 2/299 and Muslim, 1/151) According to another report narrated by al-Bukhaari, he said: at every time of making wudoo.( Anonymous, 2008, para 6). According to another hadith, Aaishah was asked what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did when he first came home. She said, When he entered his house, the first thing he would do was to use the siwaak. (Reported by Muslim, 1/220) ( Anonymous, 2008, para 7). It was recorded in yet another hadith that Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamaan (may Allaah be pleased with him) reported that when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) got up during the night, he would clean his mouth thoroughly with the siwaak. (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 1/98 and Muslim, 1/220) ( Anonymous, 2008, para 7). It is clear from how many times Prophet Muhammads use of the siwak was recorded and in many different situations and times of day, showing the emphasis put on good oral hygiene in Islam. The prophet encourage the use of the siwaak to clean teeth and spoke of the importance of cleanliness and hygiene, specifically oral hygiene, is for a Muslim.

How to Install Borland C++ Compiler 5.5

The Intensification Of The Processes Of Globalization

This essay will assess the recent intensification of the processes of globalisation The world is becoming more interconnected. Never before in world history has there existed such an intense relationship between international trade, communication and politics. The term globalisation is all around us. Sometimes as an opportunity sometimes as a new challenge, but what exactly does globalisation mean and what are its ramifications. Even though the term globalisation is frequently used it s not easily defined. One thing is clear, in today s economical, environmental, social and political state issues and problems are no longer limited to the national level because the world has become so interdependent. Reasonable governance can only be realised within border groups of stakeholder, such as the European union, regional economic organisations like the OECD or the entire world. Today modern communication technology and mass media like radio TV phone or the internet are global standards. This means that information can be distributed worldwide in real time at affordable prices; for instance, the average price of a telephone call from New York to London has decreased 99% since 1930. International TV broadcasters deliver information, opinions and cultural products to the most remote areas. The cost for transportation of products and persons have dropped by 65% since 1930 due to low fuel prices and the development of transportation systems in particular container shipping.Show MoreRelatedHow Has Globalization Impacted Water Scarcity?1257 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Globalization (GSSC 1083) Research Paper How has globalization impacted water scarcity? Name: Yash Patel Professor’s name: Jamie Zarowitz Date: 8th November Can you imagine living in a world where the most abundant and needed resource water was not available to you. This is the reality many people around the world are facing right now. 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Linking Global Trade and Human Rights - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Linking Global Trade and Human Rights. Answer: Introduction: The provincial and central government of China in recent years have created special zones that have offered several benefits to the countries who are doing business poor operating in China. Such areas include free trade zone, special economic zones and trade development zones. One of the factors that can be considered by Australian sector for doing business in China is the benefits offered by different economic zones and free trade zone. Australian business is required to check with their state trade office for seeing that it has any relationship with special trade zone for setting up operations in China. Free economic zone has been opened by the city of China. Free trade zone of China has created business opportunities for Australian business[1]. One of the most important international business hubs that is Shanghai is recent development. The Shanghai free trade zone was launched on 29th September 2013. Establishment of Chinas national exhibition and trading centre is one of the first initiative of special free trade zone of china. Opportunities will be created for Australian business due to economic reforms and significant opportunities created by national exhibition and trading centre. For the private foreign investments, six service sectors have been opened up under the free trade zone. These sectors involve shipping services, financial services, business services, cultural services, social services and professional services [2]. It is indicative of the fact that Chinese government has signalled unprecedented level of economic liberalization. An innovative approach for promoting the exports of Australian country to China is represented by Australian national exhibition and trading centre. The fast growing Chinese market can be accessed by Australian business without any complex procedures involved in registration o f company in China [3]. China Australia free trade agreement: China has ratified and initiated implementing free trade agreements with Australia in year 2015 as it is the largest trading partner. This free trade agreement will help in encouraging international investment and trade by relaxing regulator barriers on foreign investments, eliminating and reducing tariffs by lowering trade barriers. Australia will face increased export competition in domestic markets by allowing free flow of cheaper goods across trade barriers. Investment in Australia by private Chinese investors will be stimulated to $ 1094 million due to increase in threshold in non-sensitive sectors by foreign investment review board. Investment and trade will be boosted between China and Australia as per the agreement. As per the agreement, tariff is eliminated on the vast majority of goods between the trading partners. Authorities of China has remained cautious about Trans pacific partnership and there will not be immediate negative impact on trade and investment due to implementation of agreement. Second largest source of foreign investment for Australia in year 2014 is China with the total value of investment stock amounts to AUD 64.5 billion [4]. ChAFTA is expected to stimulate trade flows between China and Australia will witness increase investment by China. Chinese companies will further incentivise to make investment in China due to lower cost of exports brought by tariffs reduction. For securing the supply of high quality of products, Australia will have investments from china. This will assist Australian companies to tap into evolving trend of Chinese consumption. Prior to the agreement, Chinese market was accessed by Australian business for increasing the processing capacity and agricultural production. There has been increase in investment value that is an encouraging factor for Chinese companies. Real estate of Australia has been witnessing increasing investment from the Chinese companies in addition to consumer related sectors. Investment facilitation arrangement made under ChAFTA under which Chinese workers will be entering Australia in temporary basis for participating in infrastructure projects of Chinese companies. Furthermore, tariffs on all types of pharmaceutical products will be removed. Overseas investment has been stepp ed into by Chinese companies in healthcare sector of Australia. Australian market access by Chinese companies will help in accessing technology, high quality trends and expertise[5]. This would help in satisfying the growing demand of Chinese market. The investment targets by Chinese companies in Australia under the free trade agreement would be mainly in the sector of financial services, computer and electronics, food, agribusiness, textiles, healthcare and transportation. A range of commitment has been agreed by china under ChAFTA that would provide assistance to service providers in Australia for establishing their commercial presence in territories of China. Some of the sectors includes sector of shipping, health aged care, architecture, mining and legal services, urban planning, fund management sectors, insurance and banking [6]. A clause of most favoured nation is involved in agreement that will help in protecting the competitive position of Australia provided the condition that if beneficial treatment is extended by China to their trade partners. Under ChAFTA, investors in Australia are provided with the opportunities of establishing wholly foreign owned entities. 13th five year plan provides the Australian investors with further liberalization opportunities. Due to increase in import competition, the merger clearance rates in Australia is likely to have a favourable impact. Further growth in import competition in areas such as manufacturing, electronics and household products, is likely to be supported by elimination and reduction of tariffs under ChAFTA. Australian companies can source cheaper supply from China with this agreement. Import competition effectiveness can be softened by the applications of anti-dumping policies and using standards of Australia to impose additional trade barriers on importing of goods. Increasingly global nature of competition can provide with the remote side effect of ChAFTA as it seeks that Australian companies intend to merge for creating efficiencies and competing effectively with counter parts [7]. The international competitiveness can be related under the provisions of formal merger authorization. It will help Australia in becoming more exposed to export market and import competition and seeking and el iminating trade barriers. Five year plan of China: The economic development of China is achieved through a plan of five years in the most recent year from March 2016 to March 2021. Realising of national and economic development plan in form of the five year plan has outlined several targets and economic policies for driving development of industry inn China by year 2020. The main focus of plan is continued efforts in reforming measures and maintaining social stability and economic growth. Some of the key priorities that have been addressed in this particular five year plan involves investment promotion across sectors, nationwide industrial capacity resolving, supporting development of private sector, and strengthening protection of properties, innovation in technology, encouraging population of workforce and re balancing of rural area entrepreneurship. International business activity and international investments has been further opened in terms of Chinas free trade zone under 13th Five year plan. International presence of china is on path of increasing continuously that will help in further expanding of free trade zone for stimulating foreign investments in these zones. The increasing face value of business opportunities is attributed from increased access to Chinese markets coupled with western level of free trade. As per the plan, there will be provisions for substantial change in flow of capital out and into China[8]. This would facilitate navigation of foreign invested enterprise by accessing to market of China. Production will also be made attractive due to proposed incentives of tax under the five year plan. China has taken considerable step for gaining greater freedom in global market in terms of international financial liberalization. The plan made in 13th five year plan will be made forward due to likely expansion and creation of free trade zone and making provision of movement of capital flows. Gradual liberalization of foreign investment is indicated by five year plan of China. It involves the implementation of national treatments for foreign and domestic investors eventually and this is done pre establishment and managing foreign investments with negative list approaches [9]. There will be unified foreign and direct investment system. Formulation of basic laws have been highlighted in the plan by indicating the growing need to emphasize on finalization of legislation such as drafting the foreign investment laws. The policymakers of China has been consistently advocated to do away with the classification of foreign investments and governing of all the established companies in china under same regulations and laws. Under this plan, some areas that have been noted for making alterations relating investment includes reduce barriers to access market, expand openings, encouraging foreign capital and improving overall quality of foreign investments in China by adopting advanced technology. For achieving goals related to foreign investments, plan have some targeted goals that re required to achieved in order to enhance such investment opportunities. For liberalization, the targeted sectors include construction, education, accounting, designing and auditing [10]. Market access for foreign companies such as insurance, banking, securities and pensions are suggested for expansion under the plan. Plan would also encourage development of industries involved in high and new technologies, manufacturing and efficiency in energy sectors. It is envisaged in the plan to create strong system and enabling environment for supporting the variety of manufacturing planned activities. Establishment of export processing zone and special economic zones is one of the key interventions in the plan. Increasing investment is being witnessed in service and manufacturing sectors and over the last few years, there have been change in the patter of inflow and outflow of foreign direct investments. China is being viewed by international investor as end destination market due to growing investment in service sector of country [12]. Goods produced by manufacturing firms are designed in a specific way for meeting the needs of Chinese consumers and they are producing high quality goods. Over the past years, there have been rapid growth of foreign investors in high tech manufacturing industries. This would provide opportunities to manufacturing companies in Australia to make investment in China under the new plan. Nonetheless, China has been in the early stage of transition of service driven economy. It is perceived that foreign direct investment in china would be concentrated in East due to establishment of free trade zone in Fujian, Tianjin and Guangdong [13]. Such investments would be eventually moving to western area through Belt and road initiative of country. Manufacturing sub sectors target: One of the most important objective of the five year plan is to enhance the total factor productivity by shifting innovative led growth from capital accumulated led growth. Under the banner of supply side reform, innovation has increased in last two years. Opening up is another strategy of this particular plan that incorporates dual strategy formation for encouraging Chinese business to make investment in other countries such as Australia and compete at global level accompanied by attracting foreign investments into the country. An alternative concept of economic integration is promoted by China through building of multilateral development banks and Belt and Road initiative [15]. The guiding principle under this plan is one belt and one road. Distinguishing short term and long-term turmoil is important that is nurtured by exacerbated financial speculators and international investors collective pessimism. It is an initiative that is led by China is one of the critical area of global g rowth in foreseeable future. Provisions for encouraged economic growth is provided by 13th Five year plan mainly in Western areas of China. Industries from foreign countries are provided opportunities to make investment in such areas as they are underdeveloped. Such industries involve construction, retail sector and other retail services. New markets will be created that will provide opportunities for urban developments, financial services, transport, high tech manufacturing industries, infrastructure, finance and e commerce [16]. It is believed by Chinese government that the basis for financial globalization alternative model is the multi polar monetary system that would help in supporting multilateral infrastructure projects. Future transformation of IMS that is international monetary system into multilateral system is the grand design for achieving the above mentioned objective. The transformation structure would be based under the auspices reformed International monetary fund based on institutionalized monetary coordination. Global financial cycle counter cycle needs would be managed by issuing of special deposit rights and radical reformation of quota system. Chinese authorities have perceived that monetary basis of transformation of global finance is the international monetary system evolution. Over capacities in heavy industries of China would be reduced by making investment in infrastructure throughout Asia. Despite huge amounts of saving, world economy is suffering from colossal lack of infrastructure and slow growth[17]. Therefore, financial system of China should be overhauled and there should be massive increment in the capacity of public development banks for making investment in infrastructure. The funding of long maturity and large sized projects is done prominently by public development banks which will help in generating positive externalities. Such banks are mandatory to fianc and funds such large projects and capital of such projects is owned by national and international financially credible sovereign entities. Therefore, funds can be borrowed at lower cost from international bond markets. The governance of investment projects from countries such as Australia is assisted by development banks as they have expertise in selecting. For the choice of techniques and localization of investments made in infrastructure are done by such banks in partner with the investment projects. One of the preferred tool for sustainable development in emerging economies such as China is linking of central banks with development banks. Development banks helps in financing the cost of infrastructure projects in coordination with managing risks at different levels[18]. Asian international infr astructure bank is one such bank that has been created under leadership of China with public shareholders. Financing of new economic routes from Europe to China are Silk Road banks. The new strategy of opening up of investment is leading to outflow of capital in the form of foreign direct investments. Meanwhile, trade surplus has been reduced due to related increase in cost of labour and redeployment of domestic production to domestic demand. The growing internationalization Chinese firms and financing of infrastructures in Asia due to structural demand has the likelihood of creating investment opportunities for Australia. Private domestic agents would add foreign currency holding and foreign debt repayment along with speculative moves generated by valuation effect [19]. There has been dramatic change in the structure of balance of payments and there is requirement of steady capital inflows by China in the absence of large surplus of current account to offset the outflow of money. In this regard, it is considered crucial to efficient regulation and development of capital markets in China. Internationalization of Chinese currency is one of the ambitious step for restructuring of the financial sector. For the purpose of accommodating the challenge of transition and achieving long-term objectives of this pattern of globalization, it is essential for Chinese government to decide on the way it should proceeds. The long run ambition of China requires an independent monetary policy and free flow of capital and one of the logical consequence is flexible exchange rate regimes. At the same time, Chinese government is required to retain a mix of capital controls and preserving monetary policy autonomy by managing exchange rate regime against currency basket. Observers and market participants are required to understand the position of monetary policy. China has requirement of Western markets in the same way as such nations requires huge consumer market of China[20]. The construction trade facilitation and free trade zone has made a breakthrough. The ministry of Commerce has furth er deepened trade and economic cooperation with foreign countries that would actively propel joint building of silk belt. Laws applicable to Australian business operating in China. Various laws are applicable for the foreign investors seeking to make investment and doing business Australia. Modern system of property rights will be improved under this plan for ensuring well defined ownership, rights and interest protection under all forms of entities. There is improvement in market regulatory and anti-monopoly laws for ensuring standardization and unification [21]. Sound codes of regulatory and conducts methods are established and compulsory standards are established for workplace, quality of products, environmental impacts, consumption and energy. The principle of law based taxation will be fully implemented and system of taxation will be optimized [22]. This plan helps in understanding the economic future of country from both internal and external view point. Public private partnership- China has experimented with public private partnership for quite ling time. However, many foreign investors have been deterred from investing or conducting business on partnership basis. The reasons are attributable to the fact of perceived risk and due to long contract length. Management measures on franchised operations on public utilities and infrastructure is implemented by NDRC for protecting the investment of private and foreign companies. As per the 13th Five year plan, private capital is sought for public infrastructure and is aimed at reducing restrictions for market access for private investment in public operations and infrastructure [23]. Loan contracts- Under the 13th five year plan, loans and technical assistance have been approved by Asian development bank to increase the distribution and energy generation. Investors can enter into loan contracts under article 196 -211. Under article 202, lender must provide accounting reports. Under article 204, People bank of China is liable for stipulating the interest applicable to all loans that are provided by financial institutions[24]. Donation contracts- The budget and planning process of large number of projects by increasing number of operating agencies in association with donors. Development is supported by mobilizing extra budgetary funds from donor community operating internationally. Under article 191, a donor community is not liable for any defects in gifts. Under the current plan, state government of China is cooperating with INGO and NGO for funding small loans to agricultural producers [25]. When Australian business are provided with the opportunities of doing business in China by opening up the potential. Firms and sectors to establish their business in China are exposed to competition laws of both trading countries. In some case, it is certainly possible that business might not be acquainted and familiar with the knowledge of laws operating in each country. This raises the possibility of getting exposed to risk of non-compliances. The ministry of commerce must be notified about specified notification threshold under China Anti-monopoly law merger and acquisition. Transactions pertaining to such merger and acquisitions cannot be completed or closed without the clearance obtained from Ministry of commerce. In event of companies failing to notify any transactions can impose a penalty of half a million RMB. There are few merger filings from Australian companies resulting from small amount of revenues generated from such companies operating in China. Implementation of ChAFTA would help in increasing business activities of Australian companies[26]. ChAFTA has the possibility of merging of Chinse companies with their Australian counterparts by entering into joint ventures. Joint ventures are direct provisions of civil law that are divided into three categories. There are several types of joint ventures in which Australian companies can enter into partner with China such as corporate, contractual, partnership and partnership enterprise laws that are regulated under laws of Chinese government. Chinese merger filing threshold will be reached by more Australian companies due to increased exports to China from Australia. For the first time, China opened its market for overseas private fund managers in year 2016 by joint ventures and allowing wholly foreign owned investors [28]. This would help in raising capital in stock market and private companies. 13 five year plan has the target set for year 2020 that would enhance measures for enabling and promoting business environment that would reduce the cost of doing business in terms of easing registration, regulatory reform and requirement of licence for promoting the foreign as well as domestic investors. This would help in improving the working of land registries and courts, simplifying regulations and amending laws[29]. There would be enforcement of legal instruments and property rights. The effective implementation of development plan is aimed at eliminating conflicting regulations and laws. For supporting socio economic transformation and envisaged industrialization needs to review Village land act for elimination conflicts with other laws[30]. Conclusion: The pattern of globalization is likely to be changed by transformation of economy of China over the next twenty years. Globalization is entering new stage driven by the redeployment of growth into domestic and international markets. Supporting infrastructure investment massively will help in proving momentum of deeper integration. Huge change in incipient regime leads to assertiveness of China in politics and world markets. China has the objective of developing political, economic, technological, cultural and financial relationship for securing global public goods to cooperate politically. The progress of reforms of economic liberalization has been sceptic due to general global economic uncertainty, stock market volatility and Renminbi depreciation during third and second quarter of year 2015. However, in spite of this uncertainty, it is strongly believed that there is high chance of occurrence of liberalization due to significant market potential of China. On the global front, Chine se government has remained active in securing trade deals in support for the establishment of Asian infrastructure investment bank and one belt one road project. Free trade zone is the platform for liberalizing the markets for foreign investors interests and a very small proportion of capital markets is represented in such zone. Concerns of foreign interests would be eased by more consistent free market. Some of the areas that could be explored for opening up the opportunities for foreign business activities and financial trading include information, trade, professional services and logistics. New foreign investors intending to do business in China would face several challenge in terms of project financing. Challenge would be faced in terms of infrastructure investment opportunities. References and Bibliography: A One-Speed World: 2017 Value Creators Report(2017)https://www.bcg.comhttps://www.bcg.com/en-in/publications/2017/engineering-construction-infrastructure-value-creators-report-one-speed-world.aspx Aggarwal and Urata,Bilateral trade agreements in the Asia-Pacific: Origins, evolution, and implications(Routledge, 2012) Agrifutures.Com.Au(2017)Agrifutures.com.auhttps://www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/rirdc_ar1516_final-8.pdf Assets.Kpmg.Com(2017)Assets.kpmg.comhttps://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/06/china-outlook-2016-v1.pdf Ayodele and Sotola, China in Africa: An evaluation of Chinese investment.(Initiative for Public Policy Analysis, pp.1-20. 2014) Berger, Busse, Nunnenkamp, and Roy, Do trade and investment agreements lead to more FDI? Accounting for key provisions inside the black box.(International Economics and Economic Policy,10(2), pp.247-275. 2013) Bin, China-Russia relations: into the Syrian storm: between alliance and alignment.(Comparative Connections,17(3), p.137. 2016) Bloom, Draca and Van Reenen, Trade induced technical change? The impact of Chinese imports on innovation, IT and productivity.(The Review of Economic Studies,83(1), pp.87-117. 2016) Burgoon and Raess, Chinese investment and European labor: should and do workers fear Chinese FDI?.(Asia Europe Journal,12(1-2), pp.179-197. 2014) Business.Hsbc.Com.Cn(2017)Business.hsbc.com.cnhttps://www.business.hsbc.com.cn/-/media/library/markets-selective/china/pdfs/trade-report-eng.pdf Bthe and Milner, Foreign direct investment and institutional diversity in trade agreements: Credibility, commitment, and economic flows in the developing world, 19712007.(World Politics,66(1), pp.88-122. 2014) Cepii.Fr(2017) Cepii.fr https://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/pb/2016/pb2016-12.pdf Chow and Schoenbaum, InternationalTrade Law: Problems, Cases, and Materials. (Wolters Kluwer Law Business 2017) Clegg and Voss, The new two-way street of Chinese direct investment in the European Union.(China-EU Law Journal,5(1-2), pp.79-100. 2016) Czinkota and Skuba, Contextual analysis of legal systems and their impact on trade and foreign direct investment.(Journal of Business Research,67(10), pp.2207-2211, 2014) Davies, Tony and Ian Peter Crawford,Financial Accounting(Pearson, 2012) De Ville and Siles-Brgge,TTIP: The truth about the transatlantic trade and investment partnership. (John Wiley Sons. 2015) Drache and Jacobs,Linking Global Trade and Human Rights. (Cambridge University Press. 2014) Interpretation For The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement -(2017)English.mofcom.gov.cnhttps://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/policyrelease/Cocoon/201510/20151001144954.shtml Meunier, Divide and conquer? China and the cacophony of foreign investment rules in the EU.(Journal of European Public Policy,21(7), pp.996-1016. 2014) Nicolas, Chinas direct investment in the European Union: challenges and policy responses.(China Economic Journal,7(1), pp.103-125. 2014) Sauvant and Chen, Chinas regulatory framework for outward foreign direct investment.(China Economic Journal,7(1), pp.141-163. 2014) Sauvant and Nolan, 10 Reactions to Chinas Cross-border Investment and International Investment Law.(Managing Culture and Interspace in Cross-border Investments: Building a Global Company,66, p.98. 2017) Sauvant and Nolan, Chinas outward foreign direct investment and international investment law.(Journal of International Economic Law,18(4), pp.893-934. 2015) Schott, Jung and Cimino-Isaacs, An assessment of the Korea-China free trade agreement.(Peterson Institute for International Economics. Policy Brief, No. PB, pp.15-24. 2015) Shen, Private Chinese investment in Africa: Myths and realities.(Development Policy Review,33(1), pp.83-106. 2015) Sornarajah,The international law on foreign investment. (Cambridge university press. 2017) Subedi,International investment law: reconciling policy and principle. (Bloomsbury Publishing. 2016) Westlaw China(2017) Westlawchina.com https://www.westlawchina.com/index_en.html Wong,Zhu Rongji and China's Economic Take-Off. (World Scientific. 2016) Yao and Whalley, The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone: Background, Developments and Preliminary Assessment of Initial Impacts.(The World Economy,39(1), pp.2-15. 2016)

The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Essay Example For Students

The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Essay Mrs. Mary RowlandsonThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is a personal account, written by Mary Rowlandson in 1682, of what life in captivity was like. Her narrative of her captivity by Indians became popular in both American and English literature. Mary Rowlandson basically lost everything by an Indian attack on her town Lancaster, Massachusetts in 1675; where she is then held prisoner and spends eleven weeks with the Wampanoag Indians as they travel to safety. What made this piece so popular in both England and America was not only because of the great narrative skill used be Mary Rowlandson, but also the intriguing personality shown by the complicated character who has a struggle in recognizing her identity. The reoccurring idea of food and the word remove, used as metaphors throughout the narrative, could be observed to lead to Mary Rowlandsons repression of anger, depression, and realization of change throughout her journey and more so at the en d of it. We will write a custom essay on The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The idea of food is constantly used throughout the Mary Rowlandsons narrative, because it was the only essential need that she was concerned everyday to survive. Before the captivity, Mary Rowlandson was an innocent housewife that knew nothing of what suffering was like. She has always had plenty of food, shelter, and clothing. As a reader, you can see how her views towards the Indians choice of food gradually changes throughout her journey, and how it is related to the change in her own self. After tragically losing all of her family and her home, she had to repress her feelings to move on with the Indians to survive. She described the Wampanoag Indians at Ravenous beasts when she was captivated, which shows the anger that she felt towards the Indians at that time. The Indians diet was really different from the whites. Rowlandson hardly ate a thing the first week she was held captive. She described the Indians food as filthy trash, and she could starve and die before she ate such th ings (306). As Rowlandsons hunger began to eat her up inside out, she had to repress her spoiled taste and anger in order to survive. During the seventh remove you can see her views of the Indians food change as she got two ears of Indian corn (307) and didnt want to give it up. When one Indian asked her can you eat horse liver? (307), Rowlandson replied that she would try if he would give a piece (307). As she ate it, she described the horse liver as a savory bit it was to me. She explain to herself that for to the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet (307). You can see that Rowlandson has experienced a change in her view towards the Indians food. She began being disgusted with their food then gradually precious it. There were many times where Rowlandson felt like she could just lay down and die right there, but as the journey goes on she says I shall not die but live, and declare the works of the Lord (308). Her desire to live was encouraged through her dependence on God, which in turn helped repress her true feelings of depression because of the sufferings she was enduring. As Rowlandsons travels goes on you could see that she has learned to accept the Indians culture. In the eight remove she says I boiled my peas and bear together, and invited my master and mistress to dinner,(309). That statement by Rowlandson does not seem like shes in captivity and that shes actually suffering. She also made clothes for the Indians, which they very much appreciated. Rowlandson realizes as she thinks to herself that throughout her time with the Indians not one of them offered the least imaginable miscarriage to me(310). She has fit herself into the Wampanoag Indian society by suppressing her true feelings of anger and depression towards the Indians in order to survive. During the eighteenth remove she stole a piece of horse feet from a child. Then she claims that the things that my soul refused to touch are as my sorrowful meat(318). Rowlandson seems to be willing to do anything to fill her hunger, and she knew that she would have never done anything like that before her captivity. She had to restrain her true honorable self and past ideals in order survive. Rowlandson realized at the end of her captivity that amazingly all the time she was among them one man, woman, or child die with hunger(324). She realized that the Indians were not picky and spoiled, they were resourceful and ate whatever they could get their hands on to survive. Rowlandson knew that she had changed after learning this fact about food. Her views of life were different after her experience with the Indians. Rowlandson says, the Lord has showed me the vanity of these outward things(329). Therefore, the metaphor of food could be related to how Mary Rowlandsons identity has changed from what it was before the captivity. Although she does not truly admit her anger and depression throughout the journey, her language itself can hint to the reader that she had to repress these feeli ngs in order to survive. Throughout this narrative the word remove is used regularly. The word can be seen in a figurative and literal way, both having metaphoric meanings to them. Every time Rowlandson and the Indians move to a new destination from their original place, she titles it a remove. There are twenty removes in her narrative, which literally means that her and the Indians traveled to twenty different places. The irony of the word remove is that she is actually moving closer to home and freedom instead of being removed from it. She has also actually been removed from what she use to be, fitting into another world with a different culture. Rowlandson from the beginning has had to remove her self from the ideas and values she use to believe in and also things that has had great value to her such as her dead baby. Again, events like this could lead to much depression and anger. But, she removed herself from those feelings through the words of God. She states in the fourth rem ove that Thus saith the Lord, refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears, for thy work shall be rewarded, and they shall come again from the land of the enemy(305). Another way to describe the figurative meaning of the word remove can also be thought to mean the move of her spiritual life towards God. In each remove some incident she experiences was related to a passage in the bible. Mary Rowlandson learns something new in each remove by gathering proof that supports Gods words. Therefore, each remove could mean her own self moving one step closer to God, and being removed from her original state of innocence and not truly understanding the scripture. All this can come down to the theory that the last and only way Rowlandson could have the will to go on and survive was through repression of her feelings using the words of God as an excuse. Mary Rowlandson endures a great amount of pain throughout the whole story. She had many reasons to be angry, hurt, and depressed a s she lost everything in her life. Towards the end of the book she admits, when everybody is sleeping, my eyes are weeping(329). We can see the repression she experiences at the end when she cant even sleep because of all the sufferings she had experience. There she basically admits that she was not truly happy. This could have been the crucial point in the narrative where her feelings of being angry, hurt, and depressed throughout the whole journey have been build up so long and so much inside of her that she finally has a nervous break down. Therefore, Rowlandson is seen through the metaphoric ideas of food and the word remove to have not only repressed her feelings of anger and depression, but more importantly that at the end her ideals and identity have changed from before the captivity.

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buy custom Education and Technology essay This literature review assesses the current researches on the impact of modern technology on education practices. Russel et al (2003) assesses the extent to which technology is used for instructional purposes. The research by Russel et al explores the different attitudes that are adopted by newly recruited teachers compared to their experienced counterparts. The paper also analyzes the influence of mobile wireless technologies in higher education settings as highlighted by Kim, Mims Holmes (2006). These researchers found out that PDAs, wireless computers and web-enabled mobile phones are the most commonly used wireless mobile technologies in higher education settings. The research literature review also reviewed the findings of Teo (2008), whose focus was on the beliefs about the effects of technology among teachers and students. Russell et al (2003) collected survey data from 2,984 teachers within 22 Massachusetts districts for use in the analysis of the extent of technology use for instructional purposes. Their study provided evidence that teachers use technology more for purposes of preparation and communication than for the delivery of instruction or assignment of learning activities that require technology use. However, important differences were found among newly recruited teachers compaed to their colleagues who were more experienced. New teachers, according to Russell et al (2003) tend to be more comfortable with use of new technology for preparation compared to experienced teachers. The experienced teachers, according to the research appeared comfortable using technology during delivery of instruction or stimulating students to engage in learning activities. Kim, Mims Holmes (2006) carried out an assessment of the various types of mobile wireless technologies that are used in higher education. There of the most popular mobile wireless technologies that were examined include PDAs, wireless computers, and web-enabled mobile phones. In each of these technologies, a unique technical infrastructure is needed for access to network resources. However, all of them share many benefits in higher education environments, such as real-time and anywhere access, simplicity in installation, less wiring, reduced cost, flexibility, improvement in communication, scalability and spherical access (Kim, Mims Holmes, 2006). However, before mobile wireless technologies can be adopted in higher education settings, all related issues and challenges should be addressed. The most critical concern is security-related (Kim, Mims Holmes, 2006). In their current stage, mobile wireless technologies are wiithout any security feature. Doubts on the technologies security underlies their slow uptake in the world of business. Meanwhile, the technologies are increasingly being used in higher education institutions because the main reason for their use is provision of a mobile-learning environment to both learners and educators, unlike in the business sectors (Kim, Mims Holmes, 2006). For many people, mobile wireless technologies are yet to be use in everyday life, like in the case of calculators and computers. In order for these emerging technologies to become useful, they must not be greeted with uncritical excitement. Rather, administrators, students and educators have to think critically so as to determine how these technologies can be used for the achievement of their educational goals. According to Teo (2008) todays learning environments are characterized by many beliefs about the effects of technology. Both students and teachers harbor many different beliefs about technology and the influences that it has on education. These beliefs have a significant effect on the approaches that teachers adopt when making use of technology in classroom situations. However, says Teo, the traditional teaching approach is only significant to modern technology use approaches when correlated negatively to the modern teaching methodologies. Buy custom Education and Technology essay

How well is neo-functionalism still able to account for the evolution Essay

How well is neo-functionalism still able to account for the evolution of the European Union - Essay Example Studied critically, the EU policies positions Europe as a silent superpower having power that equals or supersedes the one held by US in almost all aspects expect that of deployment of military forces (Moravscik, 2005, p. 349). The European Commission receives preferential treatment and recognition in international secretariats as the powers of the European Parliament continue to increase steadily over years. From 1950s, scholars have described European Union as an institution on an upward growth path and in course of achieving ever closer ties (Moravcsik 2005, 350). He asserts that such thinking is linked to neo-functionalism, forming one of the two main theories considered in analyzing EU integration; neo-functionalism and inter-governmentalism (Moga 2009, 796). Both theories have been criticized, amended although they consist of strong theoretical arguments useful in understanding integration. The theory of neo-functionalism emerged in mid 1950s and is used to explain regional integration where countries do away with barriers to trade to enforce free trade. Neo-functionalism is heavily connected to the strategies used in integration (Rosamond 2000, 10). Jean Monnet, described by various authors as the principal architect of the European integration and a founding father of EU adopted an approach that aimed at bringing integration in similar sectors with an aim of bringing attaining spi llover effects which would further the integration process (Rosamond 2000, 11). The theory was developed by Earns Haas where he reformulated the principles of functionalist and analyzed them in the context of regional organizations. Neo-functionalist views integration as driven by creation of institutions although they were not originally aimed to do this. Neo-functionalism postulates that with the formation central supranational sate, the role of nationalism and national states declines. In addition to positive spill over, the other mechanisms seen as driving integration include technocratic automaticity and change of domestic alliances (Moga 2009, 796). An example of positive spill over is a situation in which a sector such as coal and steel under the governance of a single central institution cause so much pressure to the other associated areas of policy including taxation and wages and influences integration (Wallace 2004, 15). Change in domestic alliance happens when various st ate interest groups, elites and associations transfer their loyalty to supranational institutions and away from national institutions. This is usually fuelled by a realization that supranational institutions offer better paths for achieving the desired goals rather than national institutions (Wallace 2004, 16). This leads to grouping of individuals having pro-European ideas and persuades national leaders to shift their alliance to an integrated region (Wallace 2005, 17). Technocratic automaticity views integration as being boosted by supranational institutions which become stronger than member states. This paper will evaluate how well neo-functionalism can still be used to account for the evolution within the European Union and the discussion will be based on the various developments that have occurred during the past two decades. Inter- govermentalism looks at integration from

The Matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Matrix - Essay Example The movie borrowed heavily from eastern philosophy in general and philosophy from the Indian subcontinent in particular. The theory of the unreality of human life is something that the movie has in common with the theories of Hinduism. The illusory nature of life and its manifestations is something that the movie explores and this is true as far as the Hindu conception of life is concerned. The overarching controlling force in The Matrix is not, however, god, as it is in Hinduism. There are other influences as well, as far as The Matrix is concerned. The movie has references to Christian figures and theology as well. Neo, in the movie, is often referred to as ‘the one’, in a reference to Jesus Christ. Morpheus prepares the way for the messianic Neo, in a manner similar to that of John the Baptist. The figure of Trinity too is one that evokes associations with the Christian concept of the holy trinity. As a result of this, one may see the different characters as not themselves but as personifications of the different values that the creators of the movie feel civilization has lost as a result of technology and industrialization. The different characters can also be seen to be representations of the modern man. The movie critiques the condition of modern man whereby he is comfortable in the world of illusions that he finds himself in. The character of Cypher is one that shows how man wishes and craves for the comfort of illusions in an attempt to escape the responsibilities of real life. The lack of meaning is also something that haunts the modern man. Neo’s search for any kind of a meaning to his life is something that is referred to throughout the movie and this is what prompts him to take the risks that he does. The risks that characters like Morpheus and Trinity take during the course of the movie are also the result of this haunting need for meaning, something that is denied to the

Professional Communication at the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Professional Communication at the Workplace Essay Interpersonal communication is essentially the exchange of communication between one person(s) and another. Like any other form of communication, interpersonal communication involves the sender of the message and the recipient of the message. The message can only be passed correctly if both the sender and the recipient pass it correctly and understand each other. I work for a voluntary group at the University. This group aims at reaching out to the less fortunate both in the institution and the society generally. We do not offer financial help as such but instead focus on the abilities of the people we interact with and give them the necessary counsel and advice they need. In this way, we give them ideas on how they can actually help themselves out financially. This organization involves a lot of interaction, both within ourselves as the members of the organization and also between us and the people we interact with. As such there is a lot of interpersonal communication that goes on. The group consists of a total of ten members, and as they say, we are like our fingers; we come in different sizes and lengths, not literally but in terms of age, personalities, gender, culture, spiritual orientation and physical abilities and disabilities. This whole structure of diversity makes communication, particularly interpersonal communication, an issue worth debate. This is because the way we choose to communicate within ourselves and others is bound to affect our service delivery either positively or n egatively. The following part of the paper will critically analyze each of these factors mentioned above that makes us diverse in our communication, interpersonal communication.CITATION Joh12 p 56 l 1033 (Johnson, 2012, p. 56)Age The voluntary group I work for is extremely diversified when it comes to age, with members from the extreme sides of the age spectrum. The oldest member in the group is aged forty seven, while the youngest is seventeen. Most of the members, about seventy percent, are aged between seventeen and twenty five. The main reason behind this is the fact that the organization requires the participation of both the old and young. For instance, the young and vibrant group, which forms the majority of the group, is required to move up and down and interact with the people we look forward to offering our help to. The older group is mostly involved ion critically analyzing our case studies and give direction on the best way forward. It is therefore not easy to hold a conversation between these two groups that are different in terms of age. For instance, young people will always base their ideas on what social media says. They will go with current trends since that are what they are familiar with a nd immediately make a decision. The older group will look at trends on a more historical point of view and analyze historical events in relation to the topic of discussion before coming up with a remedy. The young members, moreover, communicate with a lot of slang because as much as this organization is based on official business, it is also a social and interactive group as well. This way, the message at times is not passed effectively from one person(s) to another. The consequence of this communication gap is that the goals of the organizations are not at all times met and therefore efficiency is not achieved as well.CITATION Ric01 p 76 l 1033 (Pircadi, 2001, p. 76)Perceived Emotions, Relationships and Personality Our personalities define us. We have different personalities just as we are different in other aspects of our lives. The personality of a person is one thing that psychologists have proved beyond reasonable doubt that is very difficult to change. The personalities of a person will most of the time dictate the way in which they communicate. Some people are introverts and as such they tend to keep to themselves. They listen more than they speak. They think more and learn more from their surrounding and the people around them. Others are outspoken and will speak more. They express themselves through speech. The relationship between or among people also influences communication. CITATION Joh12 l 1033 (Johnson, 2012)This I have witnessed in my voluntary work group. People tend to open up to those they are close with and give less details to the people they are not that close to. One’s family tends to know them better because of the blood relationship that exists as compared to outs iders. Finally, people perceive and express their emotions very differently. Jerry, a member of my voluntary group tends to hide his low moments in smiles. It is therefore not easy to tell what he is going through. I, on the other hand will always show it. I have no way to hide and it is communicated through my emotions. The way we react to how we feel will determine the way we communicate. There are those of us like Jerry who will drown our sorrows in smiles and those like me who will communicate it just as it is. It is therefore very clear that we communicate our emotions very differently and this goes way back to our personalities.CITATION Joh02 p 94 l 1033 (Gray, 2002, p. 94)Spiritual Orientation The world is composed of people with very diverse spiritual backgrounds. Spiritual background forms the foundation of the life of a person. More often than not, the behavior of a person is well explained by their religious beliefs. This is also the case with communication most of the time. Spiritual diversity will create diversity in speech and in communication generally. For instance, Moslems do not shake hands as a sign of greeting. Their greetings are always in form of speech. This is unlike other religions where people are allowed to shake hands casually and even hug. People from strong religious backgrounds and those with high faith are also very cautious with their speech. They tend to taste their words before they spit them out, that is, they are sensitive in their speech so as not to hurt others. The voluntary group that I work with, or rather that I work for has all Christians but one Moslem, Rahima Nassir. She, in one way or another, communicates in a different way from the rest. Most of the time, she refers to the Allah, who is the Supreme Being according to her religion. This happens especially in cases where she tries to sound optimistic and give a hopeless situation hope. The voluntary group involves a lot of interaction and therefore we have to be warm as we interact with others. This is at times not very easy to achieve owing to the fact that some religious beliefs have certain strains. Rahima is not the only one that faces such challenges. Even along the Christian front, there are various denominations which uphold different values. These values make the approach to various situations very differently. CITATION Gai10 p 104 l 1033 (Forey, 2010, p. 104)Gender The gender of a person also affects communication, particularly interpersonal communication. The female species has a different way of passing a message from the male species. One thing I love the most about my voluntary group is that we are balanced when it comes to gender. Out of a group of ten, we have five ladies and five gentlemen. This gives a ratio of one to one. However, this gender difference can at timers be a major setback in terms of communication. The Ladies, for instance would like to be addressed in a more soft way even when it comes to simple aspects such as greetings. Important to note is that communication does not involve only speech, there is verbal and non-verbal communication, all of which should be considered. Throughout the time that I spend with members of my organization, I have observed that men and women have very different modes and methods of communication. Most of the time, male members are very radical in their speech as well as their illustrations. La dies have a different approach. They, more often than not, are very soft both in their speech and illustrations. It is for this reason that they (ladies) are extremely cautious in their speech. I also noted that the men speak fewer words as compared to the ladies. Ladies speak more, except in a few instances.CITATION Mar09 p 85 l 1033 (Gufey, 2009, p. 85)Person with Disability They say disability is not inability. However, this part of the paper will view disability as a hindrance to communication to an extent. People with disabilities, physical disabilities for that matter, face a lot of challenges when it comes to passing a message effectively. This bottleneck is faced by not only the sender of the message but the recipient as well. The voluntary group that I work for or rather the members of the group that I work with experiences such challenges. In the group, there are two people with physical disabilities. Jerry is a deaf while Geoffrey is visually impaired. Of the two, I think Geoffrey has the most difficult time when it comes to communication. For one reason or the other, Geoffrey happened to be the secretary of the organization at some point in time. He therefore took minutes during meetings and did all the secretarial work. This position, I can say he deserved. Geoffrey is very brilliant besides being very diligent in his work. The main challenge that group faced was the translation of the brail recorded minutes. No one in the group understood brail language apart from Geoffrey himself. He was the only one that could read and understand the minutes. Consequently, he had to step down as secretary after a fortnight of good leadership. Jerry on the other hand, cannot communicate easily and effectively. As a matter of facts, he is most of the time misunderstood and the group experiences a lot of instances with miscommunication. Sign language is not that easy to understand. This impacts negatively on the communication in the organization. Both Jerry and the rest of the members have a hard time in communicating. The importance of both Geoffrey and Jerry in the group can never be underestimated but then at times the challenges effective communication a tall order.CITATION Per08 p 119 l 1033 (Mcintosh, 2008, p. 119)Culture Culture is a very important aspect that should be put into consideration when it comes to effective communication. The culture of a member or members of a group determines how the message is conveyed and it also determines how the message is perceived. Culture affects communication to a very great extent simply because the culture of a person will dictate their style of communication. This means that the more diverse the cultures are, the more diverse their styles of communication. Though to a small extent, there is cultural diversity in our voluntary group. In essence we have people from diverse cultural group. For matters of convenience, I will describe the cultural diversity as high culture and low culture, not that any culture is more superior to another, but for explanatory purposes. For instance, Evelyn, the group’s organizing secretary, is from the high culture. This category mainly focuses their communication on arts and by arts I mean it is more of music, drama et cet era. This category will therefore involve people with a very high esteem since for one to be able to express themselves through arts; they have to be extremely bold, just typical of Evelyn. On the contrary, the low culture category involves large audiences. A good illustration of how culture can affect communication is that in some cultures for instance, it is very vital to maintain eye contact during communication while in others; eye contact can be seen as offensive and unacceptable. Barry, the chairman of our voluntary group and Miley, our secretary are most of the time caught up in such a situation due to their religious differences.CITATION Jos14 p 92 l 1033 (Chesobro, 2014, p. 92)Conclusion and Recommendations With over seven billion people in the world, it is expected that people will differ in relation to various aspects of life. Even people from the same family, people with the same cultures, same religious beliefs and people from the same age group will at one point or the other differ. Communication, on the other is also very important. Each and everything we do revolves around communication. No man is an island. This simply means we have to live harmoniously with each other. For this reason, communication is very important. This paper has not focused on intrapersonal communication but interpersonal communication since this is the way we interact with each other in our work places. Without effective interpersonal communication at our work places, it almost difficult to make any social and economic progress. However, I have learnt from my work experiences at my voluntary group that diversities will always be there, they are there to stay. These are some aspects of life that we should a ccept them just in the way they come. We can never be the same. It is therefore very important to understand and embrace each of our diversities, placing our differences aside. From my own case study it is clear that communication is very important. It is equally clear that challenges must arise due to the diversities in various life aspects. Therefore, from my own experience, I would recommend that we respect the fact that we are not and can never be the same but try as well to burn any bridges that might exist as a result of the differences amongst us. We are one and shall always be one, despite our differences. Let us let communication to make us and not break us. References 1033 Avery, C. (2001). The Flexible Workplace. New York: New York University Press. Chesobro, J. (2014). Professional Communication at the Workplace. New York: New York University Press. Eunson, B. (2009). Communication in the Workplace. New York: Edgeworth Publishers. Forey, G. (2010). Globalization, Communication in the Workplace. Oxford University Press. Gray, J. (2002). Mars and Venus in the Workplace. Oxford University Press. Gufey, M. E. (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. New York: New York University Press. Johnson, J. (2012). Solving Problems in Technical Communication. Oxford University Press. Mcintosh, P. (2008). Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace. New York : New York University Press. Muema, T. (2007). Effects of Poor Communication in the Workplace. Miley and Sons Publishers. Pircadi, R. (2001). Skills of Workplace Communication. New York: New York University Press. Source document

Tom Sawyer Essay -- essays research papers

Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer was a boy, not one of the sort that you read about in good books, but a little devil, never malicious and always at some trick, and in the course of years he engaged in a multitude, all of which are here recorded in Twain's style. He had special aversions for church, Sunday school, pious people, devout conversation and the company of his sedate but good old aunt. In spite of his efforts to escape from such inflictions he had to suffer them once in a while, but in his efforts to get some diversion on such occasions he more than once made lively sensations. Too lazy to get his Sunday school lessons, he managed by sharp trading to buy up a lot of the tickets given to the best pupils, and when a distinguished visitor came the children were requested to step forward with their tickets so that the one who had the most should receive the prize. To the astonishment of all Tom Sawyer was the hero, and, after a great time had been made over him, the visitor thought Tom should have a chance to show his learning, so he asked him who were the first two of the twelve Apostles to follow Jesus, it being presumed that the prize boy knew such things perfectly, for the lesson of the term had been in the study of the four Gospels. Tom felt the necessity of giving some answer, and his was "David and Goliath," to the surprise of the visitor, the consternation of the head teacher and the amusement of the school. When Tom went to church he took a large snapping bug...

Essential Functions of a Project Manager Essay

The Essential Functions of a Project Manager A project manager (PM) is a facilitator. The ideal project manager does whatever it takes to ensure that the members of the project team can do their work. This means working with management to ensure they provide the resources and support required as well as dealing with team issues that are negatively impacting a team’s productivity. The project manager must possess a combination of skills including the ability to ask penetrating questions, identify unstated assumptions, and resolve personnel conflicts along with more systematic management skills. This person is responsible for initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing a project. The actions of a project manager should be almost unnoticeable and when a project is moving along smoothly people are sometimes tempted to question the need for a project manager. However, when you take the skilled project manager out of the mix, the project is much more likely to miss deadlines and exceed budgets. The project manager is the one who is responsible for making decisions in such a way that risk is controlled and uncertainty minimized. Every decision made by the project manager should ideally be directly benefit the project. A successful PM must simultaneously manage the four basic elements of a project: resources (people, equipment, material), time (task duration, dependencies, critical path), money (costs, contingencies, profits), and most importantly, scope (project size, goals, profit). All these elements are interrelated. Each must be managed effectively. All must be managed together if the project, and the project manager, is to be a success. The Scope element of a project is the most important and it is the first and last task for a successful project manager. First and foremost you have to manage the project scope. The project scope is the definition of what the project is supposed to accomplish and the budget (of time and money) that has been created to achieve these objectives. It is absolutely imperative that any change to the scope of the project have a matching change in budget, either time or resources. If the project scope is to build a building to house three widgets with a budget of $100,000 the project manager is expected to do that. However, if the scope is changed to a building for four widgets, the project manager must obtain an appropriate change in budgeted resources. If the budget is not adjusted, the smart project manager will avoid the change in scope. Usually, scope changes occur in the form of â€Å"scope creep†. Scope creep is the piling up of small changes that by themselves are manageable, but in aggregate are significant. It is necessary to make sure any requested change, no matter how small, is accompanied by approval for a change in budget or schedule or both. A PM cannot effectively manage the resources, time and money in a project unless you actively manage the project scope. When the project scope is clearly identified and associated to the timeline and budget, the PM can begin to manage the project resources. These include the people, equipment, and material needed to complete the project. A successful PM must effectively manage the Resources assigned to the project. This includes the labor hours of the designers, the builders, the testers and the inspectors on the project team. It also includes managing any labor subcontracts. However, managing project resources frequently involves more than people management. The project manager must also manage the equipment used for the project and the material needed by the people and equipment assigned to the project. Managing the people resources means having the right people, with the right skills and the proper tools, in the right quantity at the right time. It also means ensuring that they know what needs to be done, when, and how. And it means motivating them to take ownership in the project too. Managing direct employees normally means managing the senior person in each group of employees assigned to your project. These employees also have a line manager to whom they report and from whom the usually take technical direction. In a matrix management situation, like a project team, the PM’s job is to provide project direction to them. Managing labor subcontracts usually means managing the team lead for the subcontracted workers, who in turn manages the workers. The equipment a PM has to manage as part of the project depends on the nature of the project. A project to construct a frozen food warehouse would need earth moving equipment, cranes, and cement trucks. For a project to release a new version of a computer game, the equipment would include computers, test equipment, and duplication and packaging machinery. The project management key for equipment is much like for people resources. They have to make sure workers have the right equipment in the right place at the right time and that it has the supplies it needs to operate properly. Most projects involve the purchase of material. For a frozen food arehouse, this would be freezers, the building HVAC machinery and the material handling equipment. For a project to release a music CD by a hot new artist, it would include the CD blanks, artwork for the jewel case, and press releases to be sent to deejays. The project management issue with supplies is to make sure the right supplies arrive at the right time. All the skill in managing resources won’t help, however, unless the PM can stick to the project schedule. Time management is critical in successful project management. Time management is a critically important skill for any successful project manager. Project managers who succeed in meeting their project schedule have a good chance of staying within their project budget. The most common cause of blown project budgets is lack of schedule management. Fortunately there is a lot of software on the market today to help manage project schedule or timeline. Any project can be broken down into a number of tasks that have to be performed. To prepare the project schedule, the project manager has to figure out what the tasks are, how long they will take, what resources they require, and in what order they should be done. Each of these elements has a direct bearing on the schedule. If a task is omitted, the project won’t be completed. If the length of time or the amount of resources required for the task is underestimated, the schedule will be missed. The schedule can also be blown if a mistake in the sequencing of the tasks is made. The PM needs to build the project schedule by listing, in order, all the tasks that need to be completed. Assign duration to each task. Allocate the required resources. Determine predecessors (what tasks must be completed before) and successors (tasks that can’t start until after) each task. The difficulty in managing a project schedule is that there are seldom enough resources and enough time to complete the tasks sequentially. Therefore, tasks have to be overlapped so several happen at the same time. Project management software greatly simplifies the task of creating and managing the project schedule by handling the iterations in the schedule logic. When all tasks have been listed, resourced, and sequenced, it is noticeable that some tasks have a little flexibility in their required start and finish date. This is called float. A line through all the tasks with zero float is called the critical path. All tasks on this path, and there can be multiple, parallel paths, must be completed on time if the project is to be completed on time. The Project Manager’s key time management task is to manage the critical path. Be aware, that items can be added to or removed from the critical path as circumstances change during the execution of the project. Installation of security cameras may not be on the critical path, but if the shipment is delayed, it may become part of the critical path. Conversely, pouring the concrete foundation may be on the critical path, but if the project manager obtains an addition crew and the pour is completed early it could come off the critical path (or reduce the length of the critical path). Regardless of how well you manage the schedule and the resources, there is one more critical element called managing the budget. Often a PM is evaluated on his or her ability to complete a project within Budget. If the project resources and project schedule is managed effectively, this should not be a problem. It is, however, a task that requires the project manager’s careful attention. Each project task will have a cost whether it is the cost of the labor hours of a computer programmer or the purchase price of a cubic yard of concrete. In preparing the project budget, each of these costs is estimated and then totaled. Some of these estimates will be more accurate than others. A company knows what it will charge each of its projects for different classifications of labor. Commodities like concrete are priced in a very competitive market so prices are fairly predictable. Other estimates are less accurate. For instance, the cost of a conveyor system with higher performance specifications that normal can be estimated to be more expensive, but it is hard to determine whether it will be 10% more or 15% more. For an expensive item, that can be a significant amount. When the estimated cost of an item is uncertain, the project budget often includes a design allowance. This is money that is set-aside in the budget â€Å"just in case† the actual cost of the item is wildly different than the estimate. Unusual weather or problems with suppliers are always a possibility on large projects. Companies usually include a contingency amount in the project budget to cover these kinds of things. So a project budget is composed of the estimated cost, plus the contingency and design allowance, plus any profit. The project manager’s job is to keep the actual cost at or below the estimated cost, to use as little of the design allowance and contingency as possible, and to maximize the profit the company earns on the project. To maximize the chances of meeting the project udget, the PM must meet the project schedule. The most common cause of blown budgets is blown schedules. Meeting the project schedule won’t guarantee the project budget is met, but it significantly increases the chances. And above all, management of the project scope is detrimental. PM should not allow the project scope to â€Å"creep† upward without getting budget and/or schedule adjustments to match. Successful project management is an art and a science that takes practice. The ideas presented above can give a basic understanding of project management, but consider it is only the beginning. In order to have a successful career in project managements, it is necessary to talk to successful project managers, read, and practice to acquired experience and confidence.